The following is an excerpt from Deepak Chopra’s book Creating Health. Chapter Five in its entirety.
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If cigarettes, alcohol, and “recreational” drugs were eliminated from society, we would have nearly empty hospitals. A large percentage of patients admitted to a hospital for illness can trace the origins of their disease, or the conditions that aggravate it, back to smoking, drinking, indulging in recreational marijuana or stronger drugs, and sometimes to a combination of all three. I will talk briefly about the danger to health that they represent, but we are all aware that smoking, drinking, and drug abuse receive very little support in our society. Warnings, good intentions, and even public awareness campaigns do not do much good here. The important question, then, is what it really takes to stop these obviously threatening abuses.
Cigarette Smoking
More than seventy million Americans smoke, and the reason they do is that they are habituated - many physicians would say addicted - to nicotine. Nicotine is a poison that the body can get used to, as it gets used to alcohol. Once the body gets over its initial dislike of nicotine, then the “pleasurable” effects of smoking support the habit. These pleasures are largely in the mind - the smoker looks on cigarettes as either a stimulant or a relaxant, depending on what he mentally needs.
Smoking is undoubtedly a significant contributor to our two major killers, heart disease and cancer. Coronary artery disease is fifty times more common in smokers than in nonsmokers. Compared with nonsmokers, people who smoke one pack of cigarettes a day are eight times more likely to contract lung cancer. This likelihood increases to eighteen times if between one and two packs a day are smoked, and to twenty-one times if a person smokes more than two packs a day. The actual death rate for smokers is 70 percent higher from coronary artery disease, 500 percent higher from Bronchitis and cancer, and 1,000 percent higher from lung cancer than it is for nonsmokers. Smokers are far more likely to develop other diseases of all kinds, among them emphysema, ulcers, and cancers of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and bladder. So-called low-tar cigarettes often contain higher quantities of other toxins and low-nicotine cigarettes in general usually lead smokers merely to smoke more packs a day.
Without question, smoking is a disease and warrants immediate medical attention. All sorts of programs to help people to quit smoking have been put forward, and almost all can be effective. The group programs sponsored by the American Cancer Society and various hospitals have had notable success. These groups offer the sympathetic support of other smokers who are trying to quit and this is a great help when anyone suffers the real and sometimes prolonged withdrawal symptoms of nicotine addiction. Sutdies have shown that no single method is the key. Those people who have stopped successfully usually try several times, using a variety of approaches, before the become entirely free of their habit.
I believe that smoking ends wit ha single “mutation” in the brain that offers the thought, “I have no desire for this anymore.” With this insight comes the spontaneous realization that “I can quit, it is easy for me.” In other words, it is not really the treatment that is working - rather, it is the newfound attitude that there is no problem in the first place. When this insight is allowed to enter the mind, then any treatment will work, including simply stopping.
By promoting the thought that smoking is difficult to stop and by backing this up with detailed descriptions of the physical addictiveness of nicotine, doctors in fact are making it difficult for people to quit. They are helping a wrong attitude, a wrong reality view, to sink its roots into the minds of their patients. This helps explain, I think, why people continue to harm themselves by smoking even though they are aware of the danger they face. The willingness to stop comes when the idea of danger is NOT present.
Alcohol
No one any longer argues with the fact that alcoholism is a disease. Alcoholics are subject to distinctly higher than average death rates (these rates increase even more if they are also smokers). People with a history of heavy drinking experience a death rate three times that of nondrinkers. Their deaths are commonly caused by diseases of the digestive system, suicide, automobile accidents, and malnutrition. Destruction of heart muscle, brain tissue, liver, pancreas, and stomach occurs frequently as well.
When it comes to occasional drinking of alcohol, however, society and the medical profession tend to display a different attitude. Some physicians have gone so far as to suggest that small amounts of alcohol may even have beneficial effects. By this they usually mean that one drink, say a glass of wine, temporarily lowers blood pressure and releases inhibitions and worries. it is interesting to note that in a survey in which people were asked, “What constitutes excessive alcohol consumption?” the definition of “excessive” was whatever exceeded the respondent’s own intake.
I believe that alcohol is a toxin. It impairs clear perception and motor coordination. It has poisonous effects on the heart, liver, and brain that do not seem to be reversible. It contributes to senseless deaths from automobile accidents that number twenty-five thousand fatalities a year. Anything that harmful, even in small doses, is not a legitimate part of perfect health; therefore, I recommend complete abstinence from alcohol.
What causes alcohol addiction in the first place? Some people may be predisposed to alcoholism, either by heredity or by family upbringing. Identical twins who have been separated at infancy and raised apart have been shown to develop similar drinking habits after they grow up, and if one becomes an alcoholic, the other tends to at around the same time. Other people tend to drift slowly but steadily into alcoholism, starting with occasional drinking in adolescence. I think it is significant that both drinking and smoking begin in the teenage years for most people, at a time when the self is confused and unformed. This helps both habits to become ingrained at a deep level of the personality and makes it difficult for healthy adult thought patterns to displace the established mindset. As with smoking, the treatment for alcoholism requires a single, deep-seated change in attitude. Successful group programs like Alcoholics Anonymous offer support to make this inner change come about. Without it, no change is really possible.
Recreational Drugs
The term recreational drugs loosely includes all the various substances people take to enhance, distort, or otherwise affect perception. A person initially resorts to using such drugs because the experience with them is pleasurable. In our society the range of pleasures can be derived from many sources, mainly alcohol, opiates (morphine, codeine, heroin), marijuana, cocaine, and various hallucinogens like mescaline and LSD. But an enormous list could be gathered of substances that alter brain chemistry and therefore could be said to affect the mind. People opposed to the use of coffee, tea, and even sugar may with some reason label them drugs.
In the last decade, scientists were fascinated to discover that the human brain is capable of synthesizing chemicals very similar to opiates. They named these endorphins, from end-, which means from within the body, and orphin, which has the same root as morphine. The “endogenous opiates” are the body’s own pain relievers and in fact prove to be much more powerful than painkillers you can buy in a drugstore. Recent investigation has also shown that the brain possesses distinct receptor cells for receiving these endorphins. An opiate we might be given from outside (called an “exogenous opiate”) exerts its painkilling effect on the brain by binding to these same receptors. That such receptors have evolved at all means that there must be some use for them; the inner and outer opiates seem to serve the same function just because they fit into the same receptors.
Yet the brain can also be affected by the entire list of drugs given at first, including very powerful, mind-altering hallucinogens. The implication is that receptors must exist in the brain for these too, or for their analogues (their chemical equivalents). In other words, we must be capable of synthesizing such drugs or their analogues inside ourselves, to an extent at least; otherwise, why would we have evolved the receptors to bind them? This conclusion offers a clue to the perplexing question of why people have sought and experimented with mind-altering drugs since time immemorial.
Perhaps the human organism is meant to experience a wider range of consciousness than we suppose. Mind-altering drugs apparently work at all because our internal system of receptors and analogues is already available. What is unclear now is exactly what natural, healthy condition of mind and body would induce altered states as a normal part of life. It may be that when our quota of these states is not ordinarily fulfilled, we tend to fill the gap with analogues from the outside.
However, the pharmacological analogues, not having been designed for us spontaneously by our body’s innate wisdom, have their toxicity. The recent increased use of these drugs has brought to light the fact that toxicity accompanies almost every one of them. For example, marijuana was thought until recently to be relatively safe but now has been shown to affect unfavorably the immune system. The principal active ingredient in marijuana (THC) localizes in high concentration in the spleen, among other places. The spleen is an important site for the manufacture of T-lymphocytes, a specialized part of the immune system important in fighting off cancer as well as various infections. The T-lymphocytes in the bodies of regular marijuana smokers fight against disease less well than normally. Not only are fewer T-lymphocytes present, but they are also sluggish and slower to divide when faced with an enemy force, namely potential infection.
Data on the impairment of the immune system from the habitual use of marijuana has not received the publicity it deserves. In a significant finding by one Columbia University study, the antibodies produced by marijuana smokers declined drastically during one month of heavy use. When smoking was totally discontinuted, however, the antibodies only returned to normal levels very slowly, and even five weeks later there were signs of a decrease. Athough this finding of immunotoxicity (damage to the immune system) is most striking in the case of marijuana, it is apparently induced by other drug addictions as well. Unless attitudes toward drug-taking change significantly, we face the porspect oflarge numbers of people who use recreational drugs becoming highly susceptible to disease.
These drugs are also harmful just because they do alter the mind by directly acting on brain tissue. Simply from daily observation, one commonly sees the the euphoria induced by drugs in time changes to something quite different. Drug users of all types not only tend to addiction and require larger and larger doses to satisfy their urge, but the actual effect of the drug on the brain changes. Pleasant sensations give way to lethargy, withdrawal, depression, dullness, and other psychologically damaging states. Sometimes physicians refer to these as “underlying states of mind,” but it is just as likely that continued use has in fact altered the structure of the brain tissue. The brain centers responsible for emotions and biological rhythms are stimulated by many recreational drugs, and there is evidence that this artificial enhancement leads to some sort of overtaxing, or burn-out, with the sad consequences we all observe in our society.
I don’t need to belabor the point that drug taking does great harm to young people, making the difficult transition to adulthood even more difficult and almost wrenching. And drugs obviously contribute directly to crime, accidents, suicide, and murder. Achieving a natural beneficial enhancement of concsiousness can be a great stride forward in personal development, as we shall see. Drugs may imitate such a state for a little while, but in truth they are its enemies.
Smoking, drinking, and drug abuse exist because they satisfy a natural need that has become a craving. To solve the problems they create, we must look once again to the human mind. Why do some people crave mind-altering stimuli? Can we substitute other stimuli - those that need no outside agent - that would actually be helpful to a perfectly healthy existence? My answer is an unequivocal yes. Mental techniques exist that are far more enjoyable and life enhancing to practice than using alcohol, nicotine, and other toxic drugs. We will explore them in the second half of this book.
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My emphasis added. As I continue to read through this book and come across his follow-up to these points, I will post those as well!